Units, notes, and practice

Biology • Unit 1

Cells & Organelles

Cell theory, organelle functions, and microscope basics.

Key points

• Cells are the basic unit of life
• Nucleus contains DNA
• Mitochondria release energy (respiration)

Physics • Unit 2

Forces & Motion

Balanced/unbalanced forces, friction, and Newton’s laws.

Key points

• Force changes motion
• Friction opposes motion
• Weight is a force due to gravity

Chemistry • Unit 3

Atoms & Elements

Atomic structure, elements, and the periodic table.

Key points

• Protons define the element
• Electrons have negative charge
• Isotopes differ in neutrons

Biology • Extension

Energy in Living Things

Photosynthesis vs respiration, food chains, and ecosystems.

Practice questions

1. What is the role of chlorophyll?
2. Why do plants respire at night?
3. What happens to energy along a food chain?

Physics • Extension

Energy, Work & Power

Energy forms, conservation, and simple calculations.

Formulas

• Work: W = F × d
• Power: P = W / t

Chemistry • Extension

Mixtures & Separation

Filtration, evaporation, chromatography, and distillation.

Try this

• Separate sand + salt
• Ink chromatography with paper